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Some trunk asymmetry is usually evident. Limited intellectual functions and adaptive behaviour which must be diagnosed before the age of 18. F33 - Athletes have moderate to severe hypertonia, ataxia or athetosis affecting three to four limbs, typically have almost full functional control in the least impaired arm. Hand function is very poor with a limited static grip, severely reduced throwing motion and poor follow through and release. The arms and trunk demonstrate fair to good functional strength and near to full grasp, release and follow through for throws. Such enhancements would be consistent with the IPC Classification Code. The World Para Athletics classification system serves two key purposes: The system defines who is eligible to compete in World Para Athletics competitions. For walk racing, see walking. There are 10 eligible impairment types: eight physical impairments as well as vision impairment and intellectual impairment. T61/F61 - Athletes with bilateral through knee or above knee limb deficiency competing with prostheses where minimum impairment criteria for lower limb deficiency are met (see World Para Athletics Classification Rules and Regulations). There is poor to full muscle power in the fingers with wasting of the intrinsic muscles of the hands. They compete in one of three sport classes in track and jumps (T11-13) and throws (F11-13, IPC Classification Project for Physical Impairments Final report - Stage 1 updated 16 July 2010, Adenauerallee 212-214, 53113 Bonn, Germany. Our second home, our playground, our box. F57 - Athletes who meet one or more of the MDC for impaired muscle power, limb deficiency, impaired passive range of movement and leg length difference, who do not fit any of the previously described profiles, fall into this class. TRACK RUNNING, JUMPS AND STANDING THROWS: T42/F42 – T44/F44 and T/F 61-64. Vision is impacted by either an impairment of the eye structure, optical nerve / pathways or the part of the brain controlling vision (visual cortex). The primary impairments are in the upper limbs. To do this, athletes are assessed and then placed into competition categories, called sport classes, according to how much their impairment affects sports performance. There are two classes depending on the body height of the athlete and the proportionality of the upper limbs. Athletes may have some function in the legs. Deep research into the members of Boxes all around the world has shown us the great diversity our sport is known for. The Medical Diagnostics Forms and TSAL-Q form are available on the World Para Athletics Rules tab. There is one sport class for running and jumping events (T20) and one for field events (F20) and athletes must meet the sport-specific MDC for each of their respective events (running, jumping or throwing). Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The triceps muscles are non-functional and may be absent. Co-ordination and balance are typically mildly affected, and overall these athletes are able to run and jump freely. Equivalent activity limitations are seen in athletes with bilateral high above knee amputations. Repetitive and more or less continual involuntary movements caused by fluctuating muscle tone arising from problems in the central nervous system, typical of conditions such as cerebral palsy. In athletics, winners are given a gold medal, those who are second are given a silver medal and bronze medals are given to those who come third. For throwing events, it involves throwing the furthest and, in jumping events, it involves jumping further or higher than your competitors (depending upon the particular event). T13/F13 A cylindrical and/or spherical grasp is possible, but grasp and release in combination with throws are poorly co-ordinated. The muscles in the limbs or trunk are completely or partially paralysed as a consequence of conditions such as spinal cord injury, polio or spina bifida. Poor fine co-ordination in the hands is common. The athlete has fair to good functional strength and near to able-bodied grasp, release and follow through in the throwing arm. The activity limitation in Para Athletics is roughly comparable to that found in an athlete with one through ankle / below knee amputation. Athletes with some but non-functional muscle power in the lower limbs will also fit in this class. All athletes in these classes compete standing without support and they mush use prosthesis/es. T12/F12  T64/F64 - Athletes with unilateral below knee limb deficiency competing with a prosthesis where the minimum impairment criteria for lower limb deficiency and leg length discrepancy are met (see World Para Athletics Rules and Regulations). Athletes in these classes are affected by one or more of the musculoskeletal impairments of limb deficiency, leg length difference, impaired muscle power or impaired passive range of movement. RUNNING TRACK AND JUMPS: T35-38 - Athletes in the sport classes T35-38 have sufficient function to run: T35 - Athletes are typically affected in all four limbs but more so in the legs than the arms. At the end of the competition, the athlete with the most amount of points is awarded the gold medal. Athletes in classes T40 or F40 have a shorter stature than T41 and F41. T46 – Athletes have a unilateral upper limb impairment that affects the shoulder and/or elbow joint of one arm and which is comparable to the activity limitations in running and jumps roughly comparable to that found in an athlete with a unilateral above elbow amputation. F31 - Athletes have severe hypertonia or athetosis, with very poor functional range, and/or control of movement in all four limbs and the trunk. They compete in the following classes: WHEELCHAIR TRACK: T32-34 - Classes for wheelchair racing. traumatic amputation) or illness (e.g. Hypertonia in the trunk and in the legs may result in mild limitations in throws. A small number of events, such as the 60 metres, are exclusive to the IAAF World Indoor Championships. The criteria for running, jumps and throws are the same. Athletes have impairments of the lower limbs. The affected arm may demonstrate no to some functional ability. F36 - Athletes demonstrate moderate athetosis, ataxia and sometimes hypertonia or a mixture of these, which affects all four limbs. Involuntary movements are clearly evident throughout the trunk and/or in the limbs in sport activities, either when the athlete is attempting to stand still (athetosis) or when attempting a specific movement (tremor). They compete in one of three sport classes in track and jumps (T11-13) and throws (F11-13): T11/F11 F34 - Athletes generally have moderate to severe hypertonia in both legs with significant difficulty in standing balance and walking. F52 - Athletes usually have good shoulder muscles and mildly weak to full elbow and wrist muscles which are required for throwing an implement. Forward propulsion of the wheelchair is impacted by significant asymmetry in arm action and/or very poor grasp and release in one hand and limited trunk movement. All athletes in these classes compete in standing without support. Although these contests are called track and field (or simply track) in the United States, they are generally designated as athletics elsewhere. Well, we’re here to weigh in on the matter with a panel of experts who helped us come to the conclusion of which sport truly takes the most athletic ability and skill. Some events require specific pieces of equipment as follows: The only events in athletics that have any sort of scoring (in the traditional sense of the word) are decathlon and heptathlon. Updates? Corrections? Omissions? For decathlon and heptathlon events which feature multiple athletic events, the objective is to collect as many points by performing as well as possible in each separate event. T33 - Athletes have moderate to severe co-ordination impairment of three to four limbs, but typically have almost full functional control in the least impaired arm. See also athletics; cross-country; hurdling; long-distance running; marathon; middle-distance running; relay race; sprint; steeplechase. You probably have been in some sort of argument about this topic with friends and family saying that you’re sport is the toughest. T32-4, T35-38, F31-34 and F35-38 - Athletes in these classes are affected by hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis all of which typically affect co-ordination of movement. The activity limitation in Para Athletics is roughly comparable to that found in an athlete with bilateral below-knee amputations. There is no muscle power in the trunk. T42/F42 – Athletes have one or more impairment types affecting hip and/or knee function in one or both limbs and with activity limitations in throws, jumps and running competing without prosthesis/prostheses comparable to that of an athlete with at least a single through or above knee amputation. The country’s Olympic debut came at the 1956 Melbourne Games, but it was Abebe Bikila’s epic barefooted Olympic marathon victory through the streets of…. T53 - Athletes typically have full function of the arms but no abdominal or lower spinal muscle activity (grade 0). Co-ordination impairment is mild to moderate and can be in one to four limbs. You will find below a document prepared by the principle researcher, Dr. Sean Tweedy. The relatively short sprint distances, ranging up to 400 metres, require a sustained top speed. Modern day men's athletics includes the following activities: The objective in all athletics disciplines is to win the event. T51 - Athletes usually have decreased shoulder muscle power and difficulty straightening the elbows for a pushing action required for wheelchair racing propulsion.

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