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The revolution of the earth around the sun takes 365 days or the equivalent of one year. Without this heat-retention effect, the average surface temperature would be −18 °C (0 °F), in contrast to the current +15 °C (59 °F),[151] and life on Earth probably would not exist in its current form. The bodies in the Solar System formed and evolved with the Sun. Fifty years ago, we finally saw it", "Apollo 8's Earthrise: The Shot Seen Round the World – Half a century ago today, a photograph from the moon helped humans rediscover Earth", "We Are All Riders on the Same Planet – Seen from space 50 years ago, Earth appeared as a gift to preserve and cherish. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Local topography deviates from this idealized spheroid, although on a global scale these deviations are small compared to Earth's radius: the maximum deviation of only 0.17% is at the Mariana Trench (10,925 metres or 35,843 feet below local sea level),[96] whereas Mount Everest (8,848 metres or 29,029 feet above local sea level) represents a deviation of 0.14%. The mean height of land above sea level is about 797 m (2,615 ft). [3] The height of the troposphere varies with latitude, ranging between 8 km (5 mi) at the poles to 17 km (11 mi) at the equator, with some variation resulting from weather and seasonal factors. Origin of Earth By- S M Zaki Ahmad 2. [79], Earth's expected long-term future is tied to that of the Sun. Earth's rotational velocity also varies in a phenomenon known as length-of-day variation. ", "Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition", "Paleoclimatology – The Study of Ancient Climates", "Earth's Oxygen: A Mystery Easy to Take for Granted", "On the Origin and Rise of Oxygen Concentration in the Earth's Atmosphere", 10.1175/1520-0469(1965)022<0225:OTOARO>2.0.CO;2, "Astrobiologists Find Evidence of Early Life on Land", "Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures Recording an Ancient Ecosystem in the ca. Energy from the Sun heats this layer, and the surface below, causing expansion of the air. [200], A planet's life forms inhabit ecosystems, whose total is sometimes said to form a "biosphere". These same latitudes also experience a midnight sun, where the sun remains visible all day. The answer is, we don't know. At the same time, the upwelling of mantle material at divergent boundaries creates mid-ocean ridges. [241], Viewed from Earth, the Moon is just far enough away to have almost the same apparent-sized disk as the Sun. Earth's gravity interacts with other objects in space, especially the Sun and the Moon, which is Earth's only natural satellite. Beneath the mantle, an extremely low viscosity liquid outer core lies above a solid inner core. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/weather/elementsofweatherrev10.shtml, Graham, Steve, et al. Origin of Earth - Free download as Word Doc (.doc), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Gaseous tide detached when star move away. http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov. Scientific Theories of the Origin of the Earth By: Haseeb Jamal / On: Mar 02, 2017 / Notes There are various scientific theories of origin and evolution of the earth Large star came near the sun. [256][257] By the end of the 5th century BC, the sphericity of Earth was universally accepted among Greek intellectuals. [137], The mass of the oceans is approximately 1.35×1018 metric tons or about 1/4400 of Earth's total mass. [238] During the Devonian period, for example, (approximately 410 Ma) there were 400 days in a year, with each day lasting 21.8 hours. [161], Water vapor generated through surface evaporation is transported by circulatory patterns in the atmosphere. Earth's hydrosphere consists chiefly of the oceans, but technically includes all water surfaces in the world, including inland seas, lakes, rivers, and underground waters down to a depth of 2,000 m (6,600 ft). Precios bajos en productos revisados por Amazon. Los clientes de Amazon Prime disfrutan de Envío en 1 día GRATIS en dos millones de productos y Envío en 2 o 3 días en millones de productos más, Acceso a series y películas en Prime Video, incluyendo las series Amazon Originals, más de 2 millones de canciones y cientos de listas de reproducción sin publicidad con Prime Music, cientos de eBooks en Prime Reading, Acceso Prioritario a las Ofertas flash y Almacenamiento de fotos gratis e ilimitado en Amazon Drive. This hypothesis has been termed "Snowball Earth", and it is of particular interest because it preceded the Cambrian explosion, when multicellular life forms significantly increased in complexity. The origin of water on Earth is the subject of a body of research in the fields of planetary science, astronomy, and astrobiology. ", "This is one place on Earth where no life can exist", Interactive 3D visualisation of the Sun, Earth and Moon system, List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Earth&oldid=984135094#Etymology, Astronomical objects known since antiquity, Planets in the circumstellar habitable zone, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Articles with Old English-language sources (ang), Articles with Ancient Greek-language sources (grc), CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2020, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from August 2020, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from November 2018, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from April 2020, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from July 2020, Wikipedia articles with TDVİA identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. ", "How Are Fossil Fuels Extracted From the Ground? Although it is the most studied planet, it cannot be completely understood in isolation. For its human aspects, see, Third planet from the Sun in the Solar System. [173] The convection movements in the core are chaotic; the magnetic poles drift and periodically change alignment. By 2030, 60% of the world's population is expected to be living in urban, rather than rural, areas. [192], The axial tilt of Earth is approximately 23.439281°[2] with the axis of its orbit plane, always pointing towards the Celestial Poles. [110] At the center, the temperature may be up to 6,000 °C (10,830 °F),[111] and the pressure could reach 360 GPa (52 million psi). Half of that land area is desert (14%),[222] high mountains (27%),[223] or other unsuitable terrains. In winter, the climate becomes cooler and the days shorter. [131] Common carbonate minerals include calcite (found in limestone) and dolomite. Scientific Theories of the Origin of the Earth. Earth, along with the other planets, is believed to have been born 4.5 billion years ago as a solidified cloud of dust and gases left over from the creation of the Sun. From Latin Terra come Terran /ˈtɛrən/,[38] Terrestrial /təˈrɛstriəl/,[39] and (via French) Terrene /təˈriːn/,[40] and from Latin Tellus come Tellurian /tɛˈlʊəriən/[41] and, more rarely, Telluric and Tellural. [150] This last phenomenon is known as the greenhouse effect: trace molecules within the atmosphere serve to capture thermal energy emitted from the ground, thereby raising the average temperature. Paleontological evidence and computer simulations show that Earth's axial tilt is stabilized by tidal interactions with the Moon. Due to mass segregation, the core region is estimated to be primarily composed of iron (88.8%), with smaller amounts of nickel (5.8%), sulphur (4.5%), and less than 1% trace elements. [187][188], Earth orbits the Sun at an average distance of about 150 million km (93 million mi) every 365.2564 mean solar days, or one sidereal year. [218] Most of the growth is expected to take place in sub-Saharan Africa. If we stop global warming, will the polar caps refreeze? NASA Earth Observatory. (Table 8o-1)", "The IAU 2009 system of astronomical constants: The report of the IAU working group on numerical standards for Fundamental Astronomy", "Global average temperature may hit record level in 2010", "Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: Recent Global, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, "The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved", "Controversial Moon Origin Theory Rewrites History", "Earth's water may have been inherited from material similar to enstatite chondrite meteorites", "Oldest measurement of Earth's magnetic field reveals battle between Sun and Earth for our atmosphere", "Heterogeneous Hadean hafnium: evidence of continental crust at 4.4 to 4.5 ga", "Early formation and long-term stability of continents resulting from decompression melting in a convecting mantle", "Rates of generation and destruction of the continental crust: implications for continental growth", "When and how did the ice age end?

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