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Each of the 28 faced seven felony charges stemming from the raid and more than 40 years in prison if convicted. independent documentary showcase.[7]. Actions were carried out by independent groups of activists, angered by the … As an FBI informant, Hardy became heavily involved with the group from a planning and training perspective. However, The Washington Post, after affirming the veracity of the files which the Commission sent them, ran a front-page story on March 24, 1971. You are not trying ideas. Neil McLaughlin, Rev. We are twenty-eight men and women who, together with other resisters across the country, are trying with our lives to say "no" to the madness we see perpetrated by our government in the name of the American people – the madness of our Vietnam policy, of the arms race, of our neglected cities and inhuman prisons. Synopsis: By 1971, the “Catholic Left” movement had conducted over 30 draft board raids, destroying close to a million Selective Service documents. The source code for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple. [3] Members of the Citizens' Commission to Investigate the FBI were also involved. That's it. With the activists all in their positions the raid commenced. The raid resulted in a high-profile criminal trial of the activists that was seen by many as a referendum on the Vietnam War and as an example of jury nullification. As an FBI informant, Hardy became heavily involved with the group from a planning and training perspective. The defendants were also not allowed to proceed pro se, since the judge was concerned that they would disrupt the proceedings. Guide to Surviving as a Juror (by Clay Conrad) An extensive account of the who, what, when, where, why, and how of jury nullification by a prominent jury nullification supporter. You are not trying the United States. During their trial, the Camden 28 admitted to breaking laws, but then asked the jury to acquit them using nullification of the laws against breaking and entering on the grounds that citizens had a right to stop an "illegal and immoral" war. [4] Those documents had revealed the COINTELPRO program, and the Camden defendants essentially used their own trial to publicize and question FBI methods. For the FBI and the prosecution, the cost of betraying Hardy in this fashion was to lose him as a friendly witness. The Buffalo Nine was a group of nine Vietnam War protesters arrested together on August 19, 1968, at the Unitarian Universalist Church in Buffalo, New York. After a trial of eleven days, the defendants were each found guilty of theft, arson, and burglary. Daniel Joseph Berrigan was an American Jesuit priest, anti-war activist, Christian pacifist, playwright, poet, and author. The goal of the group was to make a bold statement in opposition to the war in Vietnam by way of sabotaging the portion of the draft process that was administered through the local draft board in Camden. Through Hardy's testimony, the raid came across as being funded and driven by the FBI, and the defense was able to argue effectively that through the FBI, the government "over-reached" in its zeal to arrest and prosecute this particular set of anti-war activists. [4] Those documents had revealed the COINTELPRO program, and the Camden defendants essentially used their own trial to publicize and question FBI methods. Their appellate case, United States v. Dougherty, had important implications for the jurisprudence surrounding jury nullification. Laws hindering jury nullification in effect strengthen the Drug War. The group, founded by the University of Washington visiting philosophy professor and political activist Michael Lerner, carried out its protest activities from 1970 to 1971. The church, led by Doyle, continues to campaign for peace, equality, and social justice and holds an annual Peace Gathering. He supplied tools (mostly paid for by the FBI), expertise and training. The Camden 28 (2007) Video November 24, 2015 Lawrence Christopher Skufca, J.D. The raid was planned for the early hours of Sunday, August 22, 1971. [1] Each of the 28 faced seven felony charges stemming from the raid and more than 40 years in prison if convicted. FBI surveillance photo of three of the Camden 28 lurking outside the draft board offices in the morning hours of August 22, 1971. Howard Zinn had testified at the trial and recommended civil disobedience and jury nullification. The American jury draws its power of nullification from its right to render a general verdict in criminal trials, the inability of criminal courts to direct a verdict no matter how strong the evidence, the Fifth Amendment's Double Jeopardy Clause, which prohibits the appeal of an acquittal, and the fact that jurors cannot be punished for the verdict they return. He supplied tools (mostly paid for by the FBI), expertise and training. The FBI agents held back and watched as the activists broke into the draft board office and commenced destroying and bagging thousands of draft-related documents. We stand for life and freedom and the building of communities of true friendship. Horn, an outspoken member of the American Library Association's Intellectual Freedom Committee, worked at Bucknell University in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania in the early 1970s. They wrote in a statement before trial:[2]. Bobby Seale, the eighth man charged, had his trial severed during the proceedings, lowering the number of defendants from eight to seven. Zoia Markovna Horn, born in Ukraine, became in 1972 the first United States librarian to be jailed for refusing to share information as a matter of conscience. The Camden 28 aired in September, 2007 on PBS's P.O.V. [3] Members of the Citizens' Commission to Investigate the FBI were also involved. As an FBI informant, Hardy became heavily involved with the group from a planning and training perspective. We stand for life and freedom and the building of communities of true friendship. Pommersheim is serving on several tribal appellate courts and serves as the Chief Justice for the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribal Court of Appeals and the Rosebud Sioux Supreme Court and is also notable for his involvement in The Camden 28. 63 days after the trial began and nearly two years after their direct action the fate of the Camden 28 would be settled by their jury. We stand for life and freedom and the building of communities of true friendship. You could also do it yourself at any point in time. On 24 September 1968, they entered Milwaukee's Brumder Building, site of nine Wisconsin draft boards, gathered up about 10,000 files, carried them to an open public space, and set them on fire with homemade napalm. In the United States, jury nullification occurs when a jury in a criminal case reaches a verdict contrary to the weight of evidence, sometimes because of a disagreement with the relevant law. Through Hardy's testimony, the raid came across as being funded and driven by the FBI, and the defense was able to argue effectively that through the FBI, the government "over-reached" in its zeal to arrest and prosecute this particular set of anti-war activists. Hardy agreed to become an informant, allegedly only after receiving assurances from his FBI handlers that none of the group would ever spend any time in jail for the raid against the draft board. After a significant amount of time passed during which thousands of documents had been handled, the hidden FBI agents were ordered to spring into action and arrest everyone involved. After a significant amount of time passed during which thousands of documents had been handled, the hidden FBI agents were ordered to spring into action and arrest everyone involved. Joseph Wenderoth, Eqbal Ahmad, Anthony Scoblick, and Mary Cain Scoblick. In March 1965, Liuzzo heeded the call of Martin Luther King Jr. and traveled from Detroit, Michigan, to Selma, Alabama, in the wake of the Bloody Sunday attempt at marching across the Edmund Pettus Bridge. For the FBI and the prosecution, the cost of betraying Hardy in this fashion was to lose him as a friendly witness. To install click the Add extension button. The group's members weren't stereotypical anti-Vietnam War activists. Those arrested, including two Catholic priests and a Protestant minister, became known as the Camden 28. A political defense is a defense to a criminal charge in which the defendant asserts at trial the political motivations behind the allegedly criminal conduct. Most news outlets initially refused to publish the information, saying it related to ongoing operations and that disclosure might have threatened the lives of agents or informants. The FBI encouraged Hardy to remain with the group so that he could pass along information about their activities. Their plan was to break into the draft board offices at night and search for, collect, and either destroy or remove the records of all Class 1-A status draft registrants. A 2007 documentary film, The Camden 28, has been researched, produced and released by Anthony Giacchino, combining archival footage, contemporary photographs, extensive interviews and analysis into the most comprehensive account of the people, events and history surrounding the Camden 28. They each served between four and six months in federal prison for their action on Saint Patrick's Day, March 17, 2003, in Lansing, New York, near Ithaca where they reside. [5] Those documents had revealed the COINTELPRO program, and the Camden defendants essentially used their own trial to publicize and question FBI methods. Now, as the trial loomed ahead, each of the "28" was facing more than 40 years in prison. We do not believe that it is criminal to destroy pieces of paper which are used to bind men to involuntary servitude, which train these men to kill, and which send them to possibility die in an unjust, immoral, and illegal war. The 28 chose to be tried together. Additionally, it became apparent that the FBI had enabled the plot to form and develop because it believed the Camden group might have been connected to the theft and publication of FBI documents in Media, PA several months prior.

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