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[99][100][101][102][103] On the one hand, adaptation is obviously purposeful: natural selection chooses what works and eliminates what does not. Hell- und Dunkeladaptation der Wirbeltiere sind an die Retinomotorik gebunden (Bewegung der Pigmentepithelzellfortsätze und der Außenglieder der Photorezeptoren). A generalist, on the other hand, eats a range of food, and can survive in many different conditions. Although scientists discussed adaptation prior to the 1800s, it was not until then that Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace developed the theory of natural selection. [81][82] The word exaptation was coined to cover these common evolutionary shifts in function. Das entsprechende Verb lautet adaptieren. All offspring, whether formed sexually or asexually, inherit their traits from their parents. [87], Some traits do not appear to be adaptive as they have a neutral or deleterious effect on fitness in the current environment. The other process is speciation, in which new species arise, typically through reproductive isolation. Neanderthals had a similar problem. ©BiologyOnline. Partial differential equations Breaking away from the supercontinent Gondwana about 80 million years ago, it has developed a distinct flora and fauna as a result of long geological isolation. Adaption bedeutet "Anpassung". Cellular automata The adaptive traits that the species will acquire through time may be structural (i.e. Schema zur Verschaltung der Nervenbahnen zur Verengung der Pupille, Der Text dieser Seite basiert auf dem Artikel, Gewichtsreduktion: Dem Jojo-Effekt entgegenwirken, Die Paläogenetik in der Urmenschenforschung, Photovoltaik: Tierschutz und grüne Energie, https://www.biologie-seite.de/bio_Wiki/index.php?title=Adaptation_(Auge)&oldid=113666033, „Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike“. Griffverdickungen für Stifte, Besteck oder Türklinken etc. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of Biology Online, its staff, or its partners. The classic example is the ear ossicles of mammals, which we know from paleontological and embryological evidence originated in the upper and lower jaws and the hyoid bone of their synapsid ancestors, and further back still were part of the gill arches of early fish. Attractors Charles Darwin proposed instead that it was explained by natural selection. Swarm behaviour, Social network analysis Wenn in der neuen Lichtsituation eine andere Farbtemperatur vorherrscht, z. It may also be defined as the state reached by the biological population undergoing adjustments or changes. ), eine Maßeinheit aus dem stochastischen Teilgebiet der Mathematik. 1, 2). https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_31. Adaptation, in biology, the process by which a species becomes fitted to its environment; it is the result of natural selection’s acting upon heritable variation over several generations. Phase transition [32][33] The degree of flexibility is inherited, and varies between individuals. For other uses, see, evidence for the action of natural selection, The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance, 397: "Rudimentary, Atrophied, and Aborted Organs", "Out of Tanganyika: Genesis, explosive speciation, key-innovations and phylogeography of the haplochromine cichlid fishes", "Extinction or Survival? Die Adaption in der Biologie bzw. "[104] Ernst Mayr stated that "adaptedness... is a posteriori result rather than an a priori goal-seeking", meaning that the question of whether something is an adaptation can only be determined after the event. Self-reference In der Psychologie beispielsweise geht es dabei um die seelische Anpassung an neue Lebensumstände oder ungewohnte Situationen, während es in der Medizin z. B. Zeitungstext zu lesen). That is the result of the birth compromise.

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